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How to calculate percentage change — step by step

Percentage change tells you how much a value has shifted relative to its starting point. The formula is (new − old) ÷ old · 100, and the sign shows an increase or a decrease. Worked example: from 200 to 250 is +25%. Suitable for Grade 7 / Year 8.

Quick answer

Percentage change is the difference between the new and old value, divided by the old value, times 100: (new − old) ÷ old · 100. A positive result is an increase, a negative one a decrease. Example: from 200 to 250 → (250 − 200) ÷ 200 · 100 = +25%.

At a glance

Summary of this tutorial
Example(250 − 200) ÷ 200 · 100
MethodDifference ÷ old value · 100
Steps4
Result+25%
Signpositive = increase, negative = decrease
Grade levelGrade 7 (ages 12–13)

Worked example: 200 → 250

EXAMPLE
(250 − 200) ÷ 200 · 100

The old value is 200, the new value 250. We take the difference and relate it to the old value.

The steps to find a percentage change

These four steps work for any old and new value.

  1. Step 1 · Start

    200 → 250
    Old value 200, new value 250.
  2. Step 2 · Formula

    (250 − 200) ÷ 200 · 100
    Difference over the old value, then times 100.
  3. Step 3 · Difference

    50 ÷ 200 · 100
    New minus old gives 50.
  4. Step 4 · Result

    = +25%
    Positive sign: an increase of 25%.

Why the formula works

Percent means "per hundred". You are asking: how big is the change compared with the old value, if that value equals 100%? That is why you divide the difference (new − old) by the old value and multiply by 100. The old value is the reference point — dividing by the new value would give a different answer.

Practice it yourself

Frequently asked questions

End of tutorial
Cite this page: LearnMath, "Calculating percentage change", .